Research Synopsis - First Draft - Parametricism

parametric  adj.         1.  Of or relating to or in terms of a parameter
                               2.  Objects in a CAD model that can be modified simply by
                                    changing the parameters used to create it


The development of 3D CAD modelling over the past twenty years has enabled architects to develop more complex and intricate designs. Previously, CAD software was primarily used as an alternate drafting tool, and was used in the same manner as a drawing board to produce 2D drawings. With the development of solid modelling, architects can now develop proposals live in three dimensions which allows the immediate visualisation of the spaces and forms created.

Historically architects have traditionally worked using Euclidean geometries of planar shapes and cylindrical, spherical or conical forms. Now however, 3D CAD tools allow designers to generate forms from non-Euclidean geometries which opens a whole new world of possibilities.

Parametric design uses non-Euclidean geometry to replace stable with variable forms and the idea of singularity with multiplicity. The design is dictated by its parameters, not by its shape.

By using a parametric approach, elements of a design can be linked together, creating interdependent relationships. The outcome of this is that by adjusting individual parameters of components, all connected elements will be responsive to the change. This allows a harmony to be developed between the different design elements without the need for time consuming remodelling.

Zaha Hadid Architects are pioneers in the field of parametric design. They claim the completion of the MAXXI in Rome marks the beginning of a new style of architecture: Parametricism. My intent is to investigate this claim.

MAXXI: Museum of XXI Century Arts, Rome, 2009 - Zaha Hadid Architects

Patrik Schumacher of Zaha Hadid Architects published his Parametricist Manifesto in 2008. My methodology will begin by investigating what defines the style of Parametricism and how it differs from other emerging CAD based styles.

The next step will be to analyse how Parametricism has been used in the design of the MAXXI in Rome. Through evaluating the style through the design process, a greater understanding of the principles and philosophies behind will be achieved.

Once an understanding of the style is established, a critical evaluation of the its impact on the future of architectural design can be carried out. The following key questions will be posed:

Is Parametricism a style?

Is Parametricism typology dependant?

What are the limits of Parametricism?

Is Parametricism sustainable?